Julia Gippenreiter: Thaum Koj Tham Nrog Menyuam Yaus, Nyob Ntsiag To

2024 Tus sau: Harry Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 15:46

Nws nyuaj rau tawm tsam qhov ntxim nyiam, nyob ntsiag to thiab muaj tswv yim ntawm tus poj niam muaj hnub nyoog 83 xyoos, nyiam tshaj plaws niaj hnub Lavxias tus kws paub txog kev puas siab ntsws Yulia Borisovna Gippenreiter, thiab niam txiv, tawm mus rau Yulia Borisovna rau kev sib tham, tam sim tig mus rau menyuam yaus lawv tus kheej. Nrog txhua tus neeg mloog, nws tau ua qhov kev sib tham, xav txog niam txiv thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, thiab nws tus kheej ua niam txiv, thiab hloov pauv. "Kuv muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug dav," nws rov hais dua, thiab hais kom tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Koj xav li cas txog cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab khoos phis tawj? Puas yog lawv muaj teeb meem thiab lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi rau kev txhim kho?

YB.: Koj yuav tsis nyob deb ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab khoos phis tawj, qhov no yog ib puag ncig uas menyuam yaus loj tuaj. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev muaj ntsiav tshuaj lossis tus menyuam ua dab tsi nrog nws? Tej zaum, peb yuav tsum pom tias nws ua dab tsi nrog nws thiab koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem pab tus menyuam hauv kev txhim kho yog tias koj ua qee yam nrog nws, thiab ntxiv mus, raws li txoj cai ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev txhim kho sib thooj (raws li L. Vygotsky), thaum xub thawj koj yuav ua ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam sawv cev rau nws tias, yam nws tuaj yeem ua nws tus kheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus menyuam yuav pib ua txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim kho sab hauv ntawm lub peev xwm, kev txawj ntse, lub tswv yim, kev nyiam.

Tab sis tam sim no nws hloov tawm tias qee tus niam txiv thiab pog yawg tsis paub thev naus laus zis. Hauv kev ua si hauv computer, txoj cai ntawm ib qho kev kawm ua haujlwm - koj ua qee yam, koj tau txais txiaj ntsig, tawm tswv yim, thiab, thaum siv computer thiab ntsiav tshuaj ua si, lub sijhawm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig yog tam sim. Nrog kev tswj hwm zoo thiab muaj peev xwm txhim kho, kev lag luam khoos phis tawj yog ib qho ntawm cov menyuam kom tau txais kev paub thiab txuj ci.

Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub khoos phis tawj lossis ntsiav tshuaj tsis txhais tau tias yog dab tsi, qhov teeb meem yog koj tus menyuam siv nws li cas.

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Ntau tus niam txiv txhawj xeeb tias lawv cov menyuam siv sijhawm ntau hauv computer ntau dua li kev sib txuas lus nrog lawv cov phooj ywg, thiab siv sijhawm nyob hauv kev muaj tiag, lawv tsis muaj lwm yam hauv lub neej, yuav ua li cas nrog nws?

YB: Txhawm rau pib nyob hauv qhov chaw virtual yog qhov txaus ntshai rau txhua tus tib neeg. Cov menyuam qee zaum ua rau lawv tus kheej ntau dua li hauv lub neej tiag tiag, hauv kev kov yeej cov teeb meem tsis yog nrog lawv txhais taw, txhais tes, tab sis nrog kev pab los ntawm tus lej khiav, hauv kev sib txuas lus tsis nrog cov neeg muaj sia nyob. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis kuv xav tias cov niam txiv tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom zam nws - los ntawm kev txwv lawv li kev paub VR. Koj yuav tsum txwv tus menyuam kom nws tsis txhob noj chocolate txhua hnub lossis ploj mus rau kaum teev ntawm txoj kev ua si ncaws pob. Nov yog hais txog hom thiab kev qhuab qhia.

Yog tias muaj teeb meem zoo li no, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau nqis tes ua, tab sis tsis yog ntsuas hnyav. Kev txwv tsis yog tsuas yog txwv, tab sis hloov nrog qee yam. Tswj nws txoj kev phooj ywg nrog lwm tus hais mav, ua rau nws tsis khoom nrog qee yam ntxim nyiam rau nws.

Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim hauv kev xyaum? Lub khoos phis tawj game sib tw nrog kev khaws cia thiab kev txawj ntawm niam txiv, thiab niam txiv poob. Yog li tsis txhob poob! Tsim.

Nws tsis yog lub computer ua txhaum. Lub khoos phis tawj tsis muaj kev xav; nws ua rau muaj kev xav hauv tus menyuam. Tab sis koj, ib yam, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav hauv tus menyuam. Raus nws hauv kev txhim kho, hauv cov nkauj zoo nkauj, ua yeeb yam, tsev cia puav pheej, tha xim.

Tab sis rov ua dua, tsis txhob ua dhau nws. Kuv tus ntxhais, thaum nws tus menyuam yug los, thiab nws muaj ib hlis, nqa daim duab kos duab thiab qhib nws lub ntsej muag ntawm tus menyuam lub ntsej muag. "Koj ua dab tsi?" Suab paj nruag tej zaum twb ua tau rau lub hnub nyoog no - pob ntseg twb ua haujlwm lawm, tab sis ob lub qhov muag tseem tsis tau sib sau ua ke.

Hauv kuv tus nyeem ntawv rau cov niam txiv muaj zaj dab neeg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Sergei Prokofiev, nws sau tias nws tau yug los ua suab paj nruag, vim tias thaum kuv niam tau tos nws, nws tau ntaus piano ntau heev, thiab thaum nws yug los, kuv niam ua si hauv chav tom ntej.

Yog tias tus menyuam nyob hauv ib puag ncig kev coj noj coj ua, nws nqus nws. Kev nqus ntawm kab lis kev cai yog qhov nthuav heev, tab sis kev tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws tseem tsis tau nkag siab txog qhov tseeb ntawm tus menyuam nqus tau cov ntawv, xim, suab, lub ntsej muag zoo li cas.

Tus menyuam yuav tsis pom txhua qhov no hauv computer, tsuas yog nyob hauv kev sib tham. Ua tsaug rau cov tib neeg uas tau tso siab rau nws, tus menyuam tuaj yeem thiab xav paub qhov nws tau hais. Tab sis yog tias kev sib txuas lus tau txo qis rau kev qw lossis xaj, tus menyuam raug kaw los ntawm txhua yam uas tau tshaj tawm rau nws. Cov channel ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog tus menyuam yuav tsum noj qab nyob zoo thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, ceev faj.

Kuv puas yuav tsum tau qhia ntawv rau menyuam, lossis nws tseem tseem ceeb kawm paub tsim kev sib tham nrog tus menyuam li cas? Koj xav li cas txog lo lus "kev kawm"?

YB: Feem ntau, kev txhawb nqa tau nkag siab zoo li "npuaj-up". Ua kom nws nyiam, xav tau, ua haujlwm, phiaj xwm thiab npau suav: "Kuv coj nws mus rau qhov nws yuav tsum yog, Kuv paub tias nws yuav tsum paub tias nws yuav tsum ua dab tsi." Yog tias kev kawm nkag siab hauv txoj kev no, tom qab ntawd kuv muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau nws, thiab kuv yuav tau khaws lwm lo lus: pab hauv kev txhim kho. Ua. Loj hlob. Carl Rogers tau hais tias tus neeg laus cuam tshuam nrog tus menyuam tuaj yeem muab piv rau tus neeg ua teb uas pab cog. Tus saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm yog muab dej, tso lub teeb ncaj qha rau tsob ntoo, fertilize cov av. Ntawd yog, txhawm rau tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev txhim kho, tab sis tsis rub rau saum. Yog tias koj rub rau sab saum toj thiab nyob hauv txoj kev twg koj xav tau, koj yuav tsis loj hlob nws.

Kev sib tham yog lub tswv yim nqaim me ntsis, Kuv xav hais tias, kev nkag siab zoo, lub siab kom nkag siab txog menyuam. Yog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum tus menyuam nkag siab niam txiv, tab sis niam txiv tuaj yeem nkag siab ntau ntxiv txog tus menyuam. Nws txhais li cas kom nkag siab tus menyuam? Qhov no yog, ua ntej tshaj plaws, kom paub nws cov kev xav tau thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv tus account. Kev xav tau hloov pauv tsis yog nrog lub hnub nyoog, tab sis kuj yog tus kheej, nyob ntawm txoj kev taug uas tus menyuam txav mus. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev sib tham nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom hnov tus menyuam: vim li cas nws tsis mloog lus, tsis kam lees, yog lus tsis zoo. Yog tias "hnov" suav nrog hauv kev sib tham, kuv lees txais nws.

Kev txhais lus ntxhib ntawm lo lus "tu menyuam": thaum menyuam tsis mloog lus - yuam, tsis tsim txiaj - raug, ua txhaum - hais tias: "tsis muaj ib yam yuav tsum tau ua txhaum, nws yog nws tus kheej txhaum", Kuv tsis lees paub.

Puas yuav tsum tau qhuas tus menyuam ntau zaus? Nyob rau kis twg koj yuav tsum tau qhib qhov hnyav? Yuav ua li cas kom tus menyuam tsis thim?

YB: Koj paub, peb dhau los ua neeg raug tsim txom ntawm cov lus dav heev. Yuav ntsuas qhov hnyav npaum li cas - hauv kilograms lossis litres? Kuv tseem nyiam saib cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Yog tus menyuam raug qhuas, nws tau txais kev xav tias yog nws ua tsis tau zoo, nws yuav raug txiav txim. Txhua qhov kev qhuas muaj qhov tsis zoo: kom qhuas yog ntsuas. Tej zaum koj yuav paub txog lub tswv yim ntawm "tus cwj pwm tsis txiav txim rau tus menyuam." Nws txhais li cas? Qhov no yog hais txog tus yam ntxwv tsis txiav txim rau tus menyuam, thiab tsis yog rau nws qhov kev ua. Tej zaum koj tau hnov tias nws tsim nyog thuam / qhuas tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus menyuam, tab sis tsis yog tus menyuam nws tus kheej. Tsis yog "koj phem," "koj ntse," tab sis "Kuv nyiam qhov koj hais tias koj tau ua." "Qhov kev ua no tsis zoo heev, koj, tau kawg, paub tias qhov kev ua no tsis zoo heev, thiab lwm zaus koj yuav sim ua kom zoo dua, puas yog?"

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Nws tsis ua haujlwm zoo li ntawd. Yog li kuv qee zaum ua raws li koj hais, tab sis nws tseem teb kuv tias "tsis" thiab qhov ntawd yog vim li cas?

Yub: Tawm los rau kuv, qhia kuv tias nws tshwm sim li cas. Kuv nyiam tham tshwj xeeb.

Niam: Tus menyuam tau ua qhov phem, nqa cov khoom ua si los ntawm nws tus muam. Kuv qhia nws: koj nkag siab tias …

Yub: Tos. Tus menyuam muaj pes tsawg xyoo, tus muam muaj pes tsawg xyoo?

Niam: Tus tub muaj 4 xyoos, nws nqa khoom ua si los ntawm tus viv ncaus ob xyoos. Tus viv ncaus pib quaj, thiab nws khiav nrog nws cov khoom ua si, thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws coj nws mus raws lub hom phiaj. Kuv qhia nws: koj nkag siab tias koj tau ua phem, tsis txhob ua qhov no lwm zaus.

YUB: Siv koj lub sijhawm. Koj ua yuam kev hauv thawj lo lus: koj nkag siab tias koj ua phem. Nov yog qhov cim tseg, koj nyeem nws rau nws. Cov ntawv ceeb toom tsis coj koj nkag siab koj, thiab nws tsis coj koj kom nkag siab txog menyuam. Peb yuav tsum saib yog vim li cas nws coj nws mus, dab tsi yog qab nws. Yuav muaj ntau tom qab qhov no. Thiab tsis muaj kev saib xyuas (nws tshem cov khoom ua si, thiab nws niam tau mloog zoo rau nws), thiab kua zaub ntsuab rau nws tus niam hluas, vim nws muaj kev saib xyuas ntau dua. Nws muaj lub siab ntev thiab zais qhov tsis txaus siab. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov kev xav tsis txaus.

Sim ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tus menyuam thawj tus tsis hloov pauv ib txoj hauv kev nrog kev yug menyuam thib ob, txawm tias yog ntim lossis zoo. Tau kawg, qhov no nyuaj. Kuv nqa kuv tus menyuam thib ob hauv qab kuv lub qhov muag, ua nrog txhua yam uas kuv tau ua nrog nws ua ntej. Thiab kev khib tsis tau tshwm sim, tus hlob hlob sai sai los pab kuv thiab xav tias peb yog ib pab. Tsis txhob piav qhia, nkag siab tus menyuam thiab tshem tawm qhov ua rau "tsim qhov phem".

Koj tsis tuaj yeem kho tus cwj pwm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Thaum tus menyuam ua qee yam thiab koj xav tias nws tau sov los ntawm qee qhov kev xav, koj yuav tsis kho nws tus cwj pwm tam sim ntawd. Yog koj rau txim rau nws, nws yuav tsis hloov. Cov laj thawj kev xav yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas thiab sim ua kom lawv tawm, tab sis nyob hauv qhov chaw txias.

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Tus menyuam muaj 9 xyoos, qhov xwm txheej hauv tsev kawm ntawv: ob tus menyuam ntawm lub rooj, ib yam tsis nyiam nws thaum lawv coj nws cov khoom, pib quaj thiab khaus, kuv tus menyuam paub qhov no, tab sis nws yuav tsum ib yam dab tsi los ntawm nws. Kuv pib tham nrog nws, nws zoo li lub qhov muag thiab tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia vim li cas nws ua qhov no.

YB: Zoo, qhov no yog kev hais kwv txhiaj! Vim li cas nws yuav tsum piav qee yam rau koj, koj piav rau nws.

Niam: Kuv piav rau nws! Kuv hais tias: "Sasha, koj nkag siab …"

(luag thiab npuaj teg hauv chav sib tshooj kuv niam hais lus)

Y. B: Ua tsaug rau koj kev txhawb nqa kev ncaj ncees. Cov kab lus zoo li no yog kev xav ntawm niam txiv uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kab lis kev cai, los ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev txhawb nqa raws li kev coj ua ntawm peb cov cai, xav tau ntawm tus menyuam yam tsis tsim kev sib tham nrog nws. Yog li ntawd, thawj zaug - kev lees paub ntawm tus menyuam thiab mloog zoo. Vim li cas kev mloog zoo tau txais koob meej?

Vim tias thaum cov niam txiv pib sim ua tib zoo mloog, thiab cov kev xav zoo li no pib dhia tawm sai heev, cov menyuam lawv tus kheej xav tsis thoob, lawv tam sim xav tias lawv zoo dua, thiab lawv tus kheej pib coj tus yam ntxwv txawv, kho lawv niam lawv txiv ntau dua.

Nco ntsoov koj tig mus rau tus menyuam li cas, yog li nws yuav tig los rau koj raws li txoj cai ntawm kev coj ua. Cov menyuam yaus xyaum. Yog li, yog tias koj hais tias "tsis yog, koj yuav tsis ua," nws yuav teb koj "tsis yog, kuv yuav." Nws tsom iav koj. Qhia. "Kuv yuav rau txim rau koj" - "Zoo, rau txim!" Hauv kev qhia ua niam txiv, nws tsis yooj yim heev los xav txog txhua yam kev xav tau ntawm tus menyuam. Nws zoo ib yam nrog tus txiv thiab tus poj niam. Koj puas xav tias koj tuaj yeem yuam tus txiv lossis tus poj niam ua qee yam? Tsis yog Dab tsi pib hauv menyuam yaus? Cov niam txiv dag Txhua yam zoo li cov laus.

Puas yog tsev neeg kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib raug zoo? Kuv puas xav tau kev sib txuas lus nrog niam tais, thiab vim li cas kuv thiaj yuav tsum tham nrog cov txheeb ze laus dua?

YB: Tsev neeg kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb, tau kawg, lawv yog ib feem ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Kev lig kev cai yog lwm qhov teeb meem. Yog tias niam tais tseem muaj txoj sia thiab zoo li Arina Rodionovna, qhov no zoo heev. Tab sis yog tias pog tau ua nws lub hom phiaj sib nrauj nws tus txiv thiab tus poj niam, vim nws tsis pom zoo xaiv tus tub lossis ntxhais, ces kev sib txuas nrog ib tiam neeg tej zaum yuav tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib nws, tab sis tsis nyob nrog nws thiab luam nws tus cwj pwm. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob raug ntes los ntawm cov lus ib txwm muaj. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los saib seb lub cim dhau los tau nqa dab tsi. Kev hwm cov txwj laug, tau kawg, yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis yog niam pog lossis yawg hais lus tsis zoo txog ib tus ntawm niam txiv, thiab koj qhia tus menyuam tias nws yuav tsum hwm lawv li cas los xij, kuv tsis nkag siab vim li cas?

Nws tseem ceeb dua rau cov txwj laus kom kawm paub hwm tus menyuam. Koj nug kuv - thaum muaj hnub nyoog li cas koj yuav tsum pib hwm nws. Cov lus teb yog - los ntawm tus menyuam txaj. Twb tau los ntawm tus menyuam txaj, tus menyuam yog tus neeg. Hwm nws txoj kev, tsis txhob hais tias "Kuv yuav ua rau koj … tus accountant, tus kws lag luam." Thiab yog tias nws yog tus kws kos duab hauv plawv?

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Tus phooj ywg tus ntxhais tsis zoo siab tos txais txhua tus neeg. Yuav ua dab tsi - ua rau txhua leej txhua tus hais nyob zoo lossis muab kev ywj pheej? YB: Puas yog nws tsim nyog yuam thiab thawb dhau? Kuv yuav hais tsis tau. Peb yuav tsum tham nrog tus menyuam thiab mloog nws. Ib tus phooj ywg tsis tham nrog nws tus ntxhais, nws yws koj txog nws tus ntxhais. Tsis muaj kev sib tham ntawm niam thiab tus ntxhais, muaj kev qhuab qhia. Thaum niam txiv hais peb lo lus no "koj nkag siab," kev sib tham hloov mus rau kev nyeem ntawv sau tseg.

Thaum koj tham nrog tus menyuam, nyob ntsiag to. Npaj kom ncua. Thaum mloog koj tus menyuam, zam kev nug cov lus nug. Ua twj ywm thiab sim ua kom haum tus menyuam lub suab.

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Dab tsi txog kev coj ncaj ncees, kev lav phib xaub thiab kev qhuab qhia?

YB: Tus menyuam yuav tsum paub ntau yam txuj ci thiab peev xwm: txhuam nws cov hniav, tsis txhob tawm ntawm lub rooj thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau lub rooj, kawm paub tais diav, rau diav. Peb yuav tsum sim ua kom qhov kev paub no ntws mus rau hauv tus menyuam lub neej maj mam, yam tsis muaj kev rau siab. Cov menyuam yaus tsis ua ib yam dab tsi yog niam txiv, tsis hwm, tsis suav nrog nws tus mob, kev paub dhau los, hais txog nws txoj cai, siv kev ntsuas hnyav. Xaiv lub computer, piv txwv.

Kom tus menyuam txaus siab, muab lwm yam rau nws es tsis siv computer. Thiab tom qab ntawd, twb tau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntsiag to, koj yuav tuaj yeem pom zoo rau txoj cai thiab cov cai. Sim ua haujlwm tawm tsam cov cai hauv thaj chaw nyab xeeb. Tsis txhob ntshai tso dag, lom zem yog qhov tsim nyog thaum sib tham nrog menyuam yaus.

Koj puas xav tias tus cwj pwm tau tsim los ntawm kev rauj rau tas li? Tsis yog Lawv tsim maj mam.

Tsis txhob hloov pauv qhov tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm tsis tu ncua. Koj tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv uas zoo ib yam li daim duab, daim ntawv qhia hnub, lo daim nplaum "thov sau kuv" ntawm lub paj, hloov koj lub suab nrog lwm yam.

Nws kuj tseem tsis tsim nyog tsa tus menyuam mus kawm ntawv, hloov nws nrog lub tswb tswb. Lig, hla - tsis yog koj qhov teeb meem. Koj tuaj yeem khuv xim nws: tsis kaj siab, yog.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog li cas thiaj muaj lub luag haujlwm nqa tau?

YB: Ntawm 4-5 nws twb ua tau lawm.

Niam: Yog li thaum ntxov, Kuv xav ntawm 10!

YB: Kuv yuav qhia ib zaj dab neeg txog kuv cov phooj ywg. Kola Peninsula, hmo ntuj ncov qaum ntuj, tsaus ntuj, ob tug menyuam: 5 xyoos tub, 3 xyoos ntxhais. Cov menyuam sawv ntawm lawv tus kheej, tus nus tsa tus viv ncaus, lawv hnav khaub ncaws, hauv lub tsho loj thiab lub kaus mom uas lawv mus txog niam txiv tsaug zog, tsa lawv thiab hais tias: "Niam, Txiv, peb tau mus kawm qib kindergarten."

Cia cov duab ci ntsa iab ntawm cov menyuam no txhawb koj lub zog. Tab sis tsis yog kab lus: "sawv, koj yuav lig, tuaj sai sai, hnav khaub ncaws."

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Yuav ua li cas kom menyuam yaus ua qhov no?

YB: Sim nws. Kev sim. Sim coj tus cwj pwm txawv dua li tus menyuam xav tau los ntawm koj. Tawm ntawm nws, tsis txhob tshem tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm kev saib xyuas koj tus kheej: "tab sis nws yuav ua neej nyob ntxiv mus li cas."

Txiv nrog lo lus nug: Kuv xav qhia qhov xwm txheej nrog kev ywj pheej. Tus tub muaj peb xyoos, thiab nws pib txhuam nws cov hniav, ua ntej nrog peb kev pab, thiab tam sim no nws tus kheej. Nws ntxuav lawv zoo li nws tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab peb tus kws kho hniav hais tias tus menyuam yuav muaj teeb meem loj nrog nws cov hniav, nws yuav zoo dua yog tias kuv ntxuav lawv kom khaws nws cov hniav. Thiab nws zoo li yog ib qho yooj yim, tab sis nws loj hlob mus rau qhov teeb meem, Kuv tshem txhuam los ntawm tus menyuam, Kuv pib txhuam nws cov hniav kuv tus kheej, tus menyuam poob txhua yam kev nyiam txhuam, thiab qhov no hloov mus rau qhov teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws, Kuv tsis tsis paub yuav ua dab tsi txog nws.

YB: Hloov koj tus kws kho hniav.

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Puas yog noob caj noob ces cuam tshuam tus cwj pwm?

YB: Koj hu ua noob caj noob ces dab tsi?

Niam: Dej cawv, kab mob hauv caj ces. Peb tab tom tham txog kev saws me nyuam ntawm kuv cov phooj ywg, lawv tau tsa tus me nyuam saws, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi zoo los ntawm nws, txawm tias qhov tseeb uas lawv tau thov Vajtswv rau nws los ntawm kev sib tham. Kuv sim nkag siab.

YB: Kuv muab cov lus teb dav rau lo lus nug dav. Muaj caj ces yuav tsum tau ua ntej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov kab mob somatic. Tuberculosis, kev quav dej quav cawv kuj tuaj yeem kis tau, tab sis tsis yog cawv cawv nws tus kheej. Yog tus menyuam tau saws, nws yuav zoo rau paub niam txiv.

Kuv ntseeg hauv caj ces yuav tsum tau ua ntej ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo - ib tug neeg tau nyob ntsiag to, ib tus neeg muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua lossis tsis xav ua, qhov no tau sau tseg hauv kuv phau ntawv hais txog cov cim. Tab sis noob neej tsis yog ib tus neeg: muaj koob meej, ncaj ncees, ywj siab, ntseeg hauv lub tswv yim, lossis qia dub, qia dub, ua txhaum cai - tus neeg tsim txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej, ib puag ncig, niam txiv thiab pog yawg, zej zog. Dab tsi yog qhov muaj nuj nqis hauv zej zog tam sim no? Thiab hauv zej zog twg? Tus menyuam nqa dab tsi, nqa rau nws tus kheej? Cov no tsis yog noob.

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Tus ntxhais muaj 4 xyoos, peb ua khoom ua si los ntawm cov hmoov nplej. Kuv qhia nws: saib yam khoom ua si zoo nkauj uas peb ua, thiab nws teb kuv: yog, lawv zoo nkauj, tab sis kuv muaj cov zoo nkauj dua. Vim li cas nws thiaj hais li ntawd?

YB: Pom tau tias, cov qhab nia raug cog rau hauv koj tsev neeg. Nws xav qhuas nws tus kheej thiab nws xav tau kev qhuas los ntawm koj.

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Yuav ua li cas nrog kev ntshaw ntawm menyuam yaus mus yuav qee tus menyuam roj hmab txaus ntshai li Monster High? Puas yog tus ntxhais xav tau, hais tias, "txhua tus muaj nws, kuv tsis muaj"?

YB: Kev tshaj tawm thiab zam yog kev coj noj coj ua, lawv dhau mus zoo li kab mob, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem cais tus menyuam los ntawm lawv. Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tsuas yog los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas koj tau tsim hauv koj tus kheej. Yog tias koj tawm tsam qee yam - nthuav tawm qhov kev tawm tsam no los ntawm tus menyuam txaj, thiab yog tias koj ib nrab xav tias tus menyuam raug hais txog qee yam, lossis koj xav tias koj ua tsis yog - qhia nws txog nws. Nws yuav ua tsaug rau koj kawg li. Yog tias koj lees tias koj ua tsis raug, koj yuav ua tus loj zuj zus mus rau tom ntej.

Niam nrog lo lus nug: Koj xav li cas txog kev txhim kho menyuam yaus thaum ntxov, kuv tus txiv thiab kuv muaj kev xav sib txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Nws hais tias kuv yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim txom tus menyuam …

YB: Thiab "Kuv xav tsim txom nws," puas yog?

Niam: Tsis yog, tab sis tus me nyuam twb muaj ib xyoos thiab ib nrab lawm, lawv tau qhia kuv txog cov txheej txheem zoo ntawm kev nyeem ntawv thaum ntxov, thiab …

YB: Zoo heev, Kuv yuav tsis mloog. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb hu ua "rub sab saum toj". Los yog coj tus yam ntxwv zoo li qee tus menyuam: lawv cog qee yam hauv av, thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm tam sim ntawd - tshuaj xyuas yog tias tsob ntoo tau cag. Hu nkauj, nyeem zaj dab neeg, nyob nrog nws.

Niam: Kuv nyeem nws phau ntawv nrog tsiaj cim …

YB: Nrog rau lub npe …

Niam: Kuv nyeem rau nws, nws rov hais cov suab lus tom qab kuv.

YB: Zoo heev, kawm paub hais lus.

Niam: Yog tias kuv tsis ua qhov no, hnub tom qab nws tsis nco qab tias nws puas tsim nyog txuas ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb no, nkim sijhawm rau qhov no?

YB: Yuav siv sijhawm ntawm qhov no? Cov lus no tsis tsim nyog. Nyob nrog koj tus menyuam, tham nrog nws, qhia nws lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis tsis txhob xyaum los ntawm kev txhuam koj cov hniav thiab nkim sijhawm. Tonality ntawm kev siv sijhawm nrog tus menyuam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum taug kev, qee leej niam muaj lub hom phiaj: tsim kom muaj poj niam daus, ua viav vias, nce ntaiv. Thiab tus menyuam txaus siab rau lub laj kab, miv, thiab nquab.

Kuv puas yuav tsum tau maj kom thauj tus menyuam nrog lub voj voos, siv ntau txoj hauv kev los txhim kho?

YB: Tus menyuam xav tau sijhawm sijhawm dawb. Muab koj tus menyuam 2-3 teev dawb ib hnub. Cov menyuam yaus ua si nrog lawv tus kheej zoo heev. Tus nyeem ntawv rau niam txiv muaj cov dab neeg los ntawm Agatha Christie thaum yau. Nws loj hlob hauv tsev neeg muaj nyiaj, tab sis nws niam txwv tsis pub nws tus nais maum qhia me ntsis Christie los nyeem, vim nws tsis xav kom Agatha pib nyeem phau ntawv uas tsis yog vim nws muaj hnub nyoog. Thaum Agatha Christie muaj rau xyoo, tus niam txiv tuaj rau nws niam thiab hais tias: "Madam, Kuv yuav tsum ua rau koj poob siab: Agatha kawm nyeem."

Christie tau piav qhia hauv nws phau ntawv sau txog yuav ua li cas nws ua si kittens thaum yau. Nws tau ua cov phiaj nrog kittens, tsim cov dab neeg, muab lub cim rau lawv, thiab tus niam txiv zaum ntawm nws ib sab thiab xaws cov thom khwm.

Cov neeg laus tsis muaj qhov kev npau suav zoo uas tau ua rau menyuam yaus. Lub siab xav xav tua kev muaj tswv yim, muaj peev xwm, thiab muaj sijhawm. Tau kawg, yuav tsum muaj cov laj thawj thiab cov laj thawj zoo, tib lub sijhawm tus menyuam yog tus tshwj xeeb. Tej zaum koj tau pom tias cov menyuam qee zaum "poob rau hauv kev tswm ciab," lub xeev ntawm ntuj tsim. Hauv lub xeev no, lawv ua cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.

Ib tus menyuam tuaj yeem ntsia ntawm kab, ntawm nplooj, ntawm lub hnub ci, thiab tus kws qhia ntawv qw rau nws: "Ivanov, koj tab tom ntov raven dua." Tab sis lub sijhawm no, Ivanov tab tom ua tus txheej txheem kev xav tseem ceeb, nws yuav yog Andersen yav tom ntej.

Tib zaj dab neeg piav qhia txog menyuam yaus ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab Yehudi Menuhin, lub sijhawm nws raug xa mus kawm ntawv, mus rau qib ib, thiab tom qab kawm ntawv nws niam thiab txiv nug Yehudi: "Dab tsi hauv tsev kawm ntawv?" lub qhov rais, "nws hais, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Nws raug ntaus los ntawm qhov xwm txheej zoo nkauj.

Thiab koj tsis paub dab tsi uas koj tus menyuam tau xav tsis thoob tam sim no - daim duab, lub suab, hnov tsw, tab sis twv yuav raug hu tsis yog "txheej txheem tshwj xeeb tsim, blablabla".

Tus menyuam xav tau kev xaiv, raws li Maria Montessori tau hais tias: "tus menyuam ib puag ncig yuav tsum muaj kev nplua nuj." Grey phab ntsa thiab tus menyuam tsis txav chaw tsis yog yam xav tau rau kev txhim kho.

Koj xav li cas txog cov txheej txheem Montessori?

YB: Kuv tsis paub lawv tab tom ua dab tsi nrog nws cov txheej txheem tam sim no. Nws yog tus kws paub txog kev puas siab ntsws, tus kws tshaj lij, kws kho mob, thiab tus neeg mob siab rau. Nws tsis tau hu xov tooj rau cov kws qhia ntawv, nws hu lawv ua tus qhia. Nws hais tias, "tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog tus menyuam ua dab tsi."

Montessori piav qhia hauv nws phau ntawv hais txog rooj plaub thaum menyuam mos, txhawm rau pom ntses hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses tom qab lub taub hau ntawm cov neeg siab, pib rub tus quav kom sawv ntawm nws. Tab sis tom qab ntawd "tus kws qhia" txeeb cov quav los ntawm nws, tsa nws siab dua txhua tus kom nws tuaj yeem pom ntses, thiab Montessori piav qhia yuav ua li cas hauv nws lub qhov muag pom kev, muaj yeej, ib qho cim ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tus kheej tau pom kev daws teeb meem, mus tawm, ploj ntawm nws lub ntsej muag, nws tau dhau los ua neeg txaus siab thiab txaus siab. Tus kws qhia ntawv tau txeeb los ntawm nws txhais tes thawj zaug thiab tseem ceeb tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej.

Nws tshwm sim ntau zaus thaum ua si, qee leej niam thov kom lawv cov menyuam tso txhua yam tseg lossis thov kev tshuaj xyuas tus menyuam qhov ua los ntawm tus kws qhia. Puas yog niam xav tau qee tus kws tshaj lij los ua tswv yim txog tus menyuam? Nws tus menyuam. Rau leej niam, kev qhuas lossis tshuaj xyuas tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tsis tseem ceeb, thiab nws yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb uas nws tus menyuam ua puffs ib txwm, ua yuam kev, tshawb nrhiav, pom, tus txheej txheem uas tus menyuam nyob yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws - tsis txhob cuam tshuam hauv nws, txheej txheem no dawb huv.