Yuav Kawm Li Cas Thiaj Kawm Tau

2024 Tus sau: Harry Day | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 15:46

Kuv hnov tas li los ntawm cov niam txiv nyuaj npaum li cas rau lawv los pab lawv cov menyuam nrog lawv cov ntawv ua tom tsev. Nrog lub nra dab tsi lawv mus tsev tom qab hnub ua haujlwm, paub tias lawv tseem yuav tsum kawm cov lus nrog lawv tus menyuam. Rov ua dua tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas tau hloov pauv dhau qhov lees paub. Qee zaum cov neeg laus nrog tag nrho tsev neeg daws teeb meem ntawm chav kawm thib ob. Cov niam txiv yws yws txog cov kws qhia ntawv "lawv tsis xav ua lawv txoj haujlwm thiab" muab pov tseg "rau niam txiv." Cov kws qhia ntawv yws txog niam txiv tsis muab kev txhawb nqa. Puas yog tiag? Kuv paub tseeb tias feem ntau ob leeg sim! Cia peb sim txiav txim siab vim li cas tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem ua nws cov ntawv ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov zoo tshaj, cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab cov ntawv ua tom tsev yuav tsum yog ua ke cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.

Kev puas siab ntsws hauv tsev L. S. Vygotsky hais txog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev npaj puas siab ntsws rau tsev kawm ntawv, uas muaj ob peb yam:

1. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam nyob ze rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cuam tshuam ncaj qha thiab qhia nws tus cwj pwm rau kev ua ub no tshiab. Tus menyuam yuav tsum nkag siab tias rau 10-11 xyoos tom ntej no nws yog nws "txoj haujlwm" tseem ceeb. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho tas li thiab tswj hwm nws lub siab xav kawm qee yam tshiab. Nug cov lus nug: “Yam tshiab twg koj tau kawm hnub no? Thov qhia rau peb! " Ntxiv mus, tas li siv qhov kev paub tshiab. Piv txwv li, menyuam yaus los tsev los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab qhia koj tias tam sim no nws paub qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus "sib tham" thiab "monologue." Thaum tham nrog nws, hais meej tias tam sim no nws yog kev sib tham ntawm koj. Yog li, qhov tau txais kev paub tau muab tso rau hauv tus menyuam lub neej niaj hnub.

2. Hnub nyoog qis dua 12-14 xyoos, tus neeg laus tseem ceeb thiab muaj cai rau tus menyuam yog nws tus kws qhia.

Tswj hwm tus kws qhia ntawv, txawm tias koj tsis txaus siab rau qee yam, tsis hais qhia koj lub ntsej muag. Tham nrog tus kws qhia ntawv yam tsis muaj menyuam. Pom zoo tias "Maria Ivanovna" paub zoo tshaj plaws kom ua tiav qhov haujlwm ntawd. Tom qab ntawd tus menyuam yuav tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb sab hauv: yuav daws qhov teeb meem li cas? Raws li kuv niam hais lossis raws li tau piav qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

3. Tsev kawm ntawv yog thawj pab pawg hauv menyuam yaus lub neej, cuam tshuam nrog kev ua ub no tshiab, kev kawm. Nws nyob ntawd tus menyuam tau txais thawj lub hom phiaj tshuaj xyuas nws cov txiaj ntsig, nws kawm paub qhov kev thuam, sib tham, ua phooj ywg, sib cav nrog cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm. Nws tsim nyog txhawb nqa tus menyuam hauv kev ua phooj ywg tshiab. Caw lawv hauv tsev, pov cov tog neeg qab zib, ua noj ua ke, npaj kev taug kev. Yog li, menyuam yuav pom koj tus menyuam zoo thiab ua siab dawb, ntxim nyiam thiab zoo siab, vim nws muaj lub siab zoo thiab siab dav, nyiam thiab lom zem niam lossis txiv! Cov menyuam yaus tseem tsis paub yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txheeb xyuas ib leeg thiab npaj lawv qhov kev xav ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv mus rau lawv cov phooj ywg.

4. Qhuas, tab sis tsis txhob qhuas koj tus menyuam dhau! Nws yog qhov yuam kev loj ntawm cov neeg laus thaum ntsuas kev ua haujlwm lossis qib kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, lawv hais tias: “Koj yog kuv tus zoo tshaj plaws! Koj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv chav kawm! Kuv pom zoo tias niam txiv kev hlub tsis muaj qhov txwv, tab sis kev phom sij raug khaws cia hauv tus menyuam qhov kev coj tus kheej tsis raug cai. Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog tias ib tus neeg zoo dua nws, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm rau cov ncauj lus no. Yog tias nws suav tau nrawm dua nws tus phooj ywg Vovka, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia rau nws tias qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ib ntus thiab nws tus phooj ywg xav tau kev pab thiab sijhawm ntxiv. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam txhim kho kev nkag siab qhov raug ntawm qhov nyuaj. Nws nkag siab tias yog qee yam tsis ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav dua, thiab tsis txhob quaj thiab tso tseg, thiab ntau ntxiv kom tsis txhob thuam lwm tus.

Tab sis ua li cas yog tias koj tseem tsis nco lub sijhawm zoo, hloov pauv thiab npaj rau tsev kawm ntawv? Thiab tam sim no cov ntawv ua tom tsev yog kev rau txim thiab pov tseg cov hlab ntsha rau koj. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus saum toj no tsis suav nrog, hauv ib qho twg. Maj mam muab cov hlua khi rau ntawm tus menyuam txhais tes. Kev txhawb siab qhov no nrog nws txoj kev tsis khoom, ua tib zoo thiab tsis pom kev sib tham: "Sonny, peb tsis muaj dab tsi noj, thiab tsis ntev tom ntej no txiv yuav los tsev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cia peb ua qhov no, koj yuav ua haujlwm koj tus kheej hauv daim ntawv sau tseg, thaum kuv yuav tev cov qos yaj ywm rau tam sim no. Cia saib leej twg yuav ua nws nrawm dua thiab zoo dua! " Tsis txhob tub nkeeg, siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si thiab kev sib tw, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws yuav txuag koj lub sijhawm, khaws tus menyuam txoj kev xav zoo rau kev kawm thiab koj kev sib raug zoo.

Nov yog qee cov lus qhia tsis yooj yim rau kev ua tiav qee yam khoom:

Cov ntawv nyeem … Txoj haujlwm feem ntau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog nyeem cov ntawv thiab teb cov lus nug. Nov yog yam peb nquag ua. Sim ua nws lwm txoj kev ncig. Ua ntej nyeem cov lus nug, thiab tom qab ntawv nws tus kheej. Nyeem cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv, tus menyuam txaus siab cais cov lus teb, thiab nws yooj yim dua rau nws kom nco qab cov ntsiab lus. Nug koj tus menyuam kom sau kab lus tsis paub hauv kab lus thiab nco ntsoov piav qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus no. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov lus tsis paub nyob hauv cov ntawv tau siv ua phab ntsa, daim thaiv. Tom qab lo lus tsis nkag siab, tag nrho cov ntawv ntxiv tsis pom. Cov phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia yuav pab koj!

Lus txawv teb chaws … Tej zaum txhua tus nco txog qhov txaus ntshai "cramming" ntawm cov lus tau pom. Qhov tseeb, muaj cov kev ua si zoo rau lub sijhawm uas koj tuaj yeem kawm tsawg kawg 15-20 lo lus hauv ib nrab teev. Kuaj!

"Cov neeg taug kev". Cov menyuam yaus zoo siab ua nws, vim ntawm qhov no lawv tsis pom qhov kev kawm paub. Nws yuav zoo yog tias tus menyuam muaj ib tus neeg los sib tw nrog. Yog li, cov menyuam sawv hauv ib kab. Niam txiv nug lo lus ua lus Lavxias: "Tus miv yuav zoo li cas?" Yog tus menyuam muab cov lus teb raug "miv", nws nqis mus ib kauj ruam. Yog tias nws ua tsis raug, nws yuav thim rov qab. Tus yeej yog tus uas yog thawj tus tau mus txog kab tshwj xeeb! Koj tsis tuaj yeem xav txog qhov kev luag thiab kev xav zoo rau menyuam yaus! Nrog kev mob siab rau dab tsi lawv kawm cov lus kom yeej tom ntej!

"Tricky phaib". Dab tsi yog qhov phem tshaj plaws kom nco qab ua lwm hom lus? Tau kawg, tus as khauj, hnub ntawm lub lim tiam, hli, xim, ntawv, tshwj xeeb yog yog nug hauv txoj kev tawg. Cunning phaib daws qhov teeb meem no. Txiav cov duab plaub los ntawm cov duab los qhia los yog ntawv tuab los sim ua si daim npav. Piv txwv li, peb tab tom kawm cov ntawv Askiv. Ntawm ib sab ntawm daim npav, sau cov tsiaj ntawv, nco ntsoov ua cov tsiaj ntawv loj thiab ntawv qis "A a". Shuffle daim npav. Qhia tus menyuam ib daim npav thiab nug: "Daim ntawv no yog dabtsi? (xim, tus lej, suab hauv cov ntawv sau tseg). Yog tus menyuam teb tau raug, daim npav yog nws, yog nws yuam kev, daim npav yog koj li. Qhov uas muaj daim npav ntau tshaj yeej! Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev, tab sis nthuav!

Ua neeg ntse, vim tias koj paub koj tus menyuam zoo tshaj plaws, ua si nrog koj yog qhov txaus siab rau nws tiag tiag, thiab koj tus kheej yuav tau txais ib qho ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab kev sib txuas lus nrog koj tus menyuam. Cia nws ua nws cov kev kawm hauv ntau qhov chaw, ntawm cov rooj sib txawv, thiab hauv chav sib txawv. Cia lub TV ua haujlwm lossis ua suab paj nruag. Tsuas yog thaum xub thawj nws yuav cuam tshuam rau nws, tab sis yav tom ntej nws yuav ua qhov kev pab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv nws txoj kev txhim kho. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm mloog zoo ntau li ntau tau hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, tsis hais lub suab nrov lossis cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig. Ua siab ntev thiab koj yuav tau txais tus menyuam kawm yooj yim rov qab!

P. S Sau hauv cov lus hauv cov ntsiab lus twg koj tus menyuam tab tom ntsib teeb meem thiab ua ke peb yuav sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau nws. Txhua yam zoo tshaj rau koj!